Install minikube for Linux users

Hai semuanya, di materi kali ini kita akan membahas cara install minikube di Linux menggunakan Ubuntu. Diantaranya:

1. What you’ll need?
2. Installing Container or virtual machine as backend minikube
3. Installing minikube binary
4. Installing kubernetes client
5. Create cluster using Virtualbox driver
6. Create cluster using Docker driver (alternative)

Ok langsung aja kita bahas ke materi yang pertama

What you’ll need?

Untuk menginstall minikube di Linux kita membutuhkan:

1. 2 CPUs or more
2. 2GB of free memory
3. 20GB of free disk space
4. Internet connection
5. Container or virtual machine manager, such as: Docker, Podman, VirtualBox, or VMware Player

Klo saya sendiri disini menggunakan Thinkbook 14” dengan specification seperti berikut:

Installing Container or virtual machine as backend minikube

Untuk pengguna linux kita bisa menggunakan beberapa driver yaitu

1. Docker / Podman
2. Virtualbox
3. VMware player

Untuk proses installasi docker di Linux kita bisa lihat dari official dokumentasi docker

1. Untuk Ubuntu
2. Untuk Centos/RedHat

Untuk proses installasi Virtualbox di linux, kita bisa Download binary dari official dokumentasi Virtualbox kemudian kita install sesuai dengan platform. Karena saya menggunakan Ubuntu Desktop 21.04 maka kita bisa menggunakan perintah seperti berikut:

dpkg -i virtualbox-xxx.xxx_Ubuntu_eoan_xxxx.deb

Jika installasi success maka hasilnya seperti berikut:

Installing minikube binary

Untuk install minikube juga kita bisa menggunakan beberapa cara yaitu

1. binary download
2. package manager (deb/RPM)

Klo saya lebih suka menggunakan package manager perintah berikut:

curl -LO https://storage.googleapis.com/minikube/releases/latest/minikube_latest_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i minikube_latest_amd64.deb

Jika sudah success, coba check di terminal dengan perintah seperti berikut:

minikube version

Hasilnya seperti berikut:

➜ ~  minikube version
minikube version: v1.24.0
commit: 76b94fb3c4e8ac5062daf70d60cf03ddcc0a741b

Installing kubernetes client

Untuk install kubernetes client / kubectl kita bisa menggunakan beberapa cara yaitu

1. binary download via curl
2. Package manager (deb/RPM)

Sama seperti sebelumnya kita bisa install menggunakan perintah berikut:

# Update the `apt` package index and install packages needed to use the Kubernetes apt repository:
sudo apt-get update 
sudo apt-get install -y apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl

# Download the Google Cloud public signing key:
sudo curl -fsSLo /usr/share/keyrings/kubernetes-archive-keyring.gpg https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg

# Add the Kubernetes `apt` repository:
echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/kubernetes-archive-keyring.gpg] https://apt.kubernetes.io/ kubernetes-xenial main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list

# Update `apt` package index with the new repository and install kubectl:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y kubectl

jika dijalankan maka hasilnya seperti berikut:

➜ ~  kubectl version --client
Client Version: version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"23", GitVersion:"v1.23.1", GitCommit:"86ec240af8cbd1b60bcc4c03c20da9b98005b92e", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2021-12-16T11:41:01Z", GoVersion:"go1.17.5", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"}

Create cluster using Virtualbox driver

Setelah kita menginstall tools untuk belajar kubernetes seperti virtualbox atau docker sebagai kubernetes runtime serta minikube ,kubectl dan kustomize. Sekarang kita akan membuat single kubernetes cluster dengan minikube menggunakan driver virtualbox.

Untuk membuat kita bisa menggunakan perintah minikube start untuk lebih jelasnya kita bisa lihat dokumentasinya seperti berikut:

minikube start -h

Jika dijalankan hasilnya seperti berikut:

➜ ~  minikube start -h
Starts a local Kubernetes cluster

Options:
      --addons=[]: Enable addons. see `minikube addons list` for a list of valid addon names.
      --apiserver-ips=[]: A set of apiserver IP Addresses which are used in the generated
certificate for kubernetes.  This can be used if you want to make the apiserver available from
outside the machine
      --apiserver-name='minikubeCA': The authoritative apiserver hostname for apiserver certificates
and connectivity. This can be used if you want to make the apiserver available from outside the
machine
      --apiserver-names=[]: A set of apiserver names which are used in the generated certificate for
kubernetes.  This can be used if you want to make the apiserver available from outside the machine
      --apiserver-port=8443: The apiserver listening port
      --auto-update-drivers=true: If set, automatically updates drivers to the latest version.
Defaults to true.

--base-image='gcr.io/k8s-minikube/kicbase:v0.0.28@sha256:4780f1897569d2bf77aafb3d133a08d42b4fe61127f06fcfc90c2c5d902d893c':
The base image to use for docker/podman drivers. Intended for local development.
      --cache-images=true: If true, cache docker images for the current bootstrapper and load them
into the machine. Always false with --driver=none.
      --cert-expiration=26280h0m0s: Duration until minikube certificate expiration, defaults to
three years (26280h).
      --cni='': CNI plug-in to use. Valid options: auto, bridge, calico, cilium, flannel, kindnet,
or path to a CNI manifest (default: auto)
      --container-runtime='docker': The container runtime to be used (docker, cri-o, containerd).
      --cpus='2': Number of CPUs allocated to Kubernetes. Use "max" to use the maximum number of
CPUs.
      --cri-socket='': The cri socket path to be used.
      --delete-on-failure=false: If set, delete the current cluster if start fails and try again.
Defaults to false.
      --disable-driver-mounts=false: Disables the filesystem mounts provided by the hypervisors
      --disk-size='20000mb': Disk size allocated to the minikube VM (format: <number>[<unit>], where
unit = b, k, m or g).
      --dns-domain='cluster.local': The cluster dns domain name used in the Kubernetes cluster
      --dns-proxy=false: Enable proxy for NAT DNS requests (virtualbox driver only)
      --docker-env=[]: Environment variables to pass to the Docker daemon. (format: key=value)
      --docker-opt=[]: Specify arbitrary flags to pass to the Docker daemon. (format: key=value)
      --download-only=false: If true, only download and cache files for later use - don''t install or
start anything.
      --driver='': Driver is one of: virtualbox, vmwarefusion, hyperv, vmware, docker, podman
(experimental), ssh (defaults to auto-detect)
      --dry-run=false: dry-run mode. Validates configuration, but does not mutate system state
      --embed-certs=false: if true, will embed the certs in kubeconfig.
      --enable-default-cni=false: DEPRECATED: Replaced by --cni=bridge
      --extra-config=: A set of key=value pairs that describe configuration that may be passed to
different components.
                The key should be '.' separated, and the first part before the dot is the component to apply the
configuration to.
                Valid components are: kubelet, kubeadm, apiserver, controller-manager, etcd, proxy, scheduler
                Valid kubeadm parameters: ignore-preflight-errors, dry-run, kubeconfig, kubeconfig-dir, node-name,
cri-socket, experimental-upload-certs, certificate-key, rootfs, skip-phases, pod-network-cidr
      --extra-disks=0: Number of extra disks created and attached to the minikube VM (currently only
implemented for hyperkit and kvm2 drivers)
      --feature-gates='': A set of key=value pairs that describe feature gates for
alpha/experimental features.
      --force=false: Force minikube to perform possibly dangerous operations
      --force-systemd=false: If set, force the container runtime to use systemd as cgroup manager.
Defaults to false.
      --host-dns-resolver=true: Enable host resolver for NAT DNS requests (virtualbox driver only)
      --host-only-cidr='192.168.59.1/24': The CIDR to be used for the minikube VM (virtualbox driver
only)
      --host-only-nic-type='virtio': NIC Type used for host only network. One of Am79C970A,
Am79C973, 82540EM, 82543GC, 82545EM, or virtio (virtualbox driver only)
      --hyperkit-vpnkit-sock='': Location of the VPNKit socket used for networking. If empty,
disables Hyperkit VPNKitSock, if 'auto' uses Docker for Mac VPNKit connection, otherwise uses the
specified VSock (hyperkit driver only)
      --hyperkit-vsock-ports=[]: List of guest VSock ports that should be exposed as sockets on the
host (hyperkit driver only)
      --hyperv-external-adapter='': External Adapter on which external switch will be created if no
external switch is found. (hyperv driver only)
      --hyperv-use-external-switch=false: Whether to use external switch over Default Switch if
virtual switch not explicitly specified. (hyperv driver only)
      --hyperv-virtual-switch='': The hyperv virtual switch name. Defaults to first found. (hyperv
driver only)
      --image-mirror-country='': Country code of the image mirror to be used. Leave empty to use the
global one. For Chinese mainland users, set it to cn.
      --image-repository='': Alternative image repository to pull docker images from. This can be
used when you have limited access to gcr.io. Set it to "auto" to let minikube decide one for you.
For Chinese mainland users, you may use local gcr.io mirrors such as
registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
      --insecure-registry=[]: Insecure Docker registries to pass to the Docker daemon.  The default
service CIDR range will automatically be added.
      --install-addons=true: If set, install addons. Defaults to true.
      --interactive=true: Allow user prompts for more information

--iso-url=[https://storage.googleapis.com/minikube/iso/minikube-v1.24.0.iso, ...]:
Locations to fetch the minikube ISO from.
      --keep-context=false: This will keep the existing kubectl context and will create a minikube
context.
      --kubernetes-version='': The Kubernetes version that the minikube VM will use (ex: v1.2.3,
'stable' for v1.22.3, 'latest' for v1.22.4-rc.0). Defaults to 'stable'.
      --kvm-gpu=false: Enable experimental NVIDIA GPU support in minikube
      --kvm-hidden=false: Hide the hypervisor signature from the guest in minikube (kvm2 driver
only)
      --kvm-network='default': The KVM default network name. (kvm2 driver only)
      --kvm-numa-count=1: Simulate numa node count in minikube, supported numa node count range is
1-8 (kvm2 driver only)
      --kvm-qemu-uri='qemu:///system': The KVM QEMU connection URI. (kvm2 driver only)
      --listen-address='': IP Address to use to expose ports (docker and podman driver only)
      --memory='': Amount of RAM to allocate to Kubernetes (format: <number>[<unit>], where unit =
b, k, m or g). Use "max" to use the maximum amount of memory.
      --mount=false: This will start the mount daemon and automatically mount files into minikube.
      --mount-string='C:\Users\dimasm93:/minikube-host': The argument to pass the minikube mount
command on start.
      --namespace='default': The named space to activate after start
      --nat-nic-type='virtio': NIC Type used for nat network. One of Am79C970A, Am79C973, 82540EM,
82543GC, 82545EM, or virtio (virtualbox driver only)
      --native-ssh=true: Use native Golang SSH client (default true). Set to 'false' to use the
command line 'ssh' command when accessing the docker machine. Useful for the machine drivers when
they will not start with 'Waiting for SSH'.
      --network='': network to run minikube with. Now it is used by docker/podman and KVM drivers.
If left empty, minikube will create a new network.
      --network-plugin='': Kubelet network plug-in to use (default: auto)
      --nfs-share=[]: Local folders to share with Guest via NFS mounts (hyperkit driver only)
      --nfs-shares-root='/nfsshares': Where to root the NFS Shares, defaults to /nfsshares (hyperkit
driver only)
      --no-kubernetes=false: If set, minikube VM/container will start without starting or
configuring Kubernetes. (only works on new clusters)
      --no-vtx-check=false: Disable checking for the availability of hardware virtualization before
the vm is started (virtualbox driver only)
  -n, --nodes=1: The number of nodes to spin up. Defaults to 1.
  -o, --output='text': Format to print stdout in. Options include: [text,json]
      --ports=[]: List of ports that should be exposed (docker and podman driver only)
      --preload=true: If set, download tarball of preloaded images if available to improve start
time. Defaults to true.
      --registry-mirror=[]: Registry mirrors to pass to the Docker daemon
      --service-cluster-ip-range='10.96.0.0/12': The CIDR to be used for service cluster IPs.
      --ssh-ip-address='': IP address (ssh driver only)
      --ssh-key='': SSH key (ssh driver only)
      --ssh-port=22: SSH port (ssh driver only)
      --ssh-user='root': SSH user (ssh driver only)
      --trace='': Send trace events. Options include: [gcp]
      --uuid='': Provide VM UUID to restore MAC address (hyperkit driver only)
      --vm=false: Filter to use only VM Drivers
      --vm-driver='': DEPRECATED, use `driver` instead.
      --wait=[apiserver,system_pods]: comma separated list of Kubernetes components to verify and
wait for after starting a cluster. defaults to "apiserver,system_pods", available options:
"apiserver,system_pods,default_sa,apps_running,node_ready,kubelet" . other acceptable values are
'all' or 'none', 'true' and 'false'
      --wait-timeout=6m0s: max time to wait per Kubernetes or host to be healthy.

Usage:
  minikube start [flags] [options]

Use "minikube options" for a list of global command-line options (applies to all commands).

Secara default jika kita membuat single cluster dengan minikube menggunakan Virtualbox biasanya kita akan dibuatkan VM dengan configurasi

• 2CPUs
• 2GB memory
• 20GB storage
• Driver virtualbox

Nah saya mau override nilai tersebut untuk membuat clusternya dengan configurasi seperti berikut:

Jika dijalankan maka outputnya seperti berikut:

➜  ~ minikube start --driver virtualbox --memory 4g --no-vtx-check
😄  minikube v1.24.0 on Ubuntu 21.10
✨  Using the virtualbox driver based on user configuration
👍  Starting control plane node minikube in cluster minikube
🔥  Creating virtualbox VM (CPUs=2, Memory=4096MB, Disk=20000MB) ...
🐳  Preparing Kubernetes v1.22.3 on Docker 20.10.8 ...
    ▪ Generating certificates and keys ...
    ▪ Booting up control plane ...
    ▪ Configuring RBAC rules ...
    ▪ Using image gcr.io/k8s-minikube/storage-provisioner:v5
🔎  Verifying Kubernetes components...
🌟  Enabled addons: storage-provisioner, default-storageclass
🏄  Done! kubectl is now configured to use "minikube" cluster and "default" namespace by default

Dengan begitu kita sudah bisa menggunakan kubernetes clusternya, sekarang kita coba check dengan perintah seperti berikut:

Jika dijalankan maka hasilnya seperti berikut:

➜ ~  kubectl version
Client Version: version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"23", GitVersion:"v1.23.1", GitCommit:"86ec240af8cbd1b60bcc4c03c20da9b98005b92e", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2021-12-16T11:41:01Z", GoVersion:"go1.17.5", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"}
Server Version: version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"22", GitVersion:"v1.22.3", GitCommit:"c92036820499fedefec0f847e2054d824aea6cd1", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2021-10-27T18:35:25Z", GoVersion:"go1.16.9", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"}

➜ ~  kubectl cluster-info
Kubernetes control plane is running at https://192.168.59.104:8443
CoreDNS is running at https://192.168.59.104:8443/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/kube-dns:dns/proxy

To further debug and diagnose cluster problems, use 'kubectl cluster-info dump'.

➜ ~  kubectl get nodes
NAME       STATUS   ROLES                  AGE    VERSION
minikube   Ready    control-plane,master   2m5s   v1.22.3

➜ ~  kubectl get pods -A
NAMESPACE     NAME                               READY   STATUS    RESTARTS      AGE
kube-system   coredns-78fcd69978-5frtc           1/1     Running   0             109s
kube-system   etcd-minikube                      1/1     Running   0             2m2s
kube-system   kube-apiserver-minikube            1/1     Running   0             2m3s
kube-system   kube-controller-manager-minikube   1/1     Running   0             118s
kube-system   kube-proxy-mj2cf                   1/1     Running   0             109s
kube-system   kube-scheduler-minikube            1/1     Running   0             118s
kube-system   storage-provisioner                1/1     Running   1 (74s ago)   115s

➜ ~  kubectl get services -A
NAMESPACE     NAME         TYPE        CLUSTER-IP   EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)                  AGE
default       kubernetes   ClusterIP   10.96.0.1    <none>        443/TCP                  2m23s
kube-system   kube-dns     ClusterIP   10.96.0.10   <none>        53/UDP,53/TCP,9153/TCP   2m18s

Nah sekarang kita sudah bisa menggunakan kubernetes cluster tersebut untuk belajar atau sebagai learning environment kita.

Create cluster using Docker driver (alternative)

Selain menggunakan virtualbox kita juga bisa menggunakan Docker sebagai drivernya minikube.

Nah sekarang kita buat clusternya dengan perintah seperti berikut:

Jika sudah success, maka hasilnya seperti berikut:

➜  ~ minikube start 
😄  minikube v1.24.0 on Ubuntu 21.10
✨  Automatically selected the docker driver. Other choices: virtualbox, ssh
👍  Starting control plane node minikube in cluster minikube
🚜  Pulling base image ...
🔥  Creating docker container (CPUs=2, Memory=3800MB) ...
❗  This container is having trouble accessing https://k8s.gcr.io
💡  To pull new external images, you may need to configure a proxy: https://minikube.sigs.k8s.io/docs/reference/networking/proxy/
🐳  Preparing Kubernetes v1.22.3 on Docker 20.10.8 ...
    ▪ Generating certificates and keys ...
    ▪ Booting up control plane ...
    ▪ Configuring RBAC rules ...
🔎  Verifying Kubernetes components...
    ▪ Using image gcr.io/k8s-minikube/storage-provisioner:v5
🌟  Enabled addons: default-storageclass, storage-provisioner
🏄  Done! kubectl is now configured to use "minikube" cluster and "default" namespace by default

Nah sekarang jika kita lihat di docker list container, disinilah kubernetes engine berjalan.

➜ ~  docker container ls
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                                 COMMAND                  CREATED              STATUS              PORTS                                                                                                                                  NAMES
889dcc0689c0   gcr.io/k8s-minikube/kicbase:v0.0.28   "/usr/local/bin/entr…"   About a minute ago   Up About a minute   127.0.0.1:55692->22/tcp, 127.0.0.1:55693->2376/tcp, 127.0.0.1:55690->5000/tcp, 127.0.0.1:55691->8443/tcp, 127.0.0.1:55694->32443/tcp   minikube

Setelah itu kita bisa, menggunakan kubernetes clusternya untuk learning environtment.

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